Science & Technology

Publications

It takes rigorous quality-by-design R&D processes, state-of-the-art cross functional expertise, capabilities and partnerships to develop the AI-solutions that RetInSight envisions bringing to eye care professionals, patients and payors in the coming years. Please find our scientific publications here.

  • All
  • AI development
  • AMD progression
  • DR and DME
  • Exudative macular disease
  • GA
  • iAMD
  • nAMD

Artificial intelligence in assessing progression of age-related macular degeneration

Eye (London). 2024 Nov 18. doi: 10.1038/s41433-024-03460-z. Online ahead of print.

Sophie Frank-Publig, Klaudia Birner, Sophie Riedl, Gregor S. Reiter, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Repeatability of Microperimetry in areas of RPE and Photoreceptor loss in Geographic Atrophy supported by AI-based OCT biomarker quantification

American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2024 Nov 13:S0002-9394(24)00520-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.11.005. Online ahead of print.

Leonard M. Coulibaly, Klaudia Birner, Azin Zarghami, Markus Gumpinger, Simon Schürer-Waldheim, Philipp Fuchs, Hrvoje Bogunović, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Gregor S. Reiter

Topographic and quantitative correlation of structure and function using deep learning in subclinical biomarkers of intermediate age-related macular degeneration

nature - Scientific Reports - volume 14, Article number: 28165 (2024). (2024 Nov 15;14(1):28165. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72522-9.)

Klaudia Birner, Gregor S. Reiter, Irene Steiner, Gábor Deák, Hamza Mohamed, Simon Schürer-Waldheim, Markus Gumpinger, Hrvoje Bogunović, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

AI in the clinical management of GA: A novel therapeutic universe requires novel tools

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Volume 103, November 2024, 101305 | 2024 Sep 27:103:101305. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101305.

Gregor S. Reiter, Julia Mai, Sophie Riedl, Klaudia Birner, Sophie Frank, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Rolle der künstlichen Intelligenz bei verschiedenen retinalen Erkrankungen

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd . 2024 Sep;241(9):1023-1031. doi: 10.1055/a-2378-6138. Epub 2024 Sep 16.

Julia Mai, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Artificial intelligence for geographic atrophy: pearls and pitfalls

Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2024 Aug 27. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000001085.

Enzendorfer, Marie Louise; Schmidt-Erfurth, Ursula

Quantitative comparison of automated OCT and conventional FAF-based geographic atrophy measurements in the phase 3 OAKS/DERBY trials

Sci Rep. 2024; 14: 20531. Published online 2024 Sep 4. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71496-y

Julia Mai, Gregor S. Reiter, Sophie Riedl, Wolf-Dieter Vogl, Amir Sadeghipour, Emma Foos, Alex McKeown, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Disease activity and therapeutic response to pegcetacoplan for geographic atrophy identified by deep learning-based analysis of OCT

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published: August 14, 2024 / DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.08.017 / PMID: 39151755

Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Julia Mai, Gregor S. Reiter, Sophie Riedl, Wolf-Dieter Vogl, Amir Sadeghipour, Alex McKeown, Emma Foos, Lukas Scheibler, Hrvoje Bogunovic

Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Individual Geographic Atrophy Progression from a Single Baseline OCT

Ophthalmol Sci. 2024 Jul-Aug; 4(4): 100466. Published online 2024 Jan 17. doi: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100466

Julia Mai, MD, Dmitrii Lachinov, MSc, Gregor S. Reiter, PhD, Sophie Riedl, PhD, Christoph Grechenig, MD, Hrvoje Bogunovic, PhD, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, MD

A Systematic Prospective Comparison of Fluid Volume Evaluation across OCT Devices Used in Clinical Practice

Ophthalmology. 2023 Dec DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2023.100456

Klaudia Kostolna, Gregor S Reiter, Sophie Frank, Leonard M Coulibaly, Philipp Fuchs, Veronika Röggla, Markus Gumpinger, Gabriel P Leitner Barrios, Virginia Mares, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Imaging geographic atrophy: integrating structure and function to better understand the effects of new treatments

Br J Ophthalmol . 2024 Jan 30:bjo-2023-324246. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2023-324246.

Stela Vujosevic, Anat Loewenstein, Louise O'Toole, Ursula Margarethe Schmidt-Erfurth, Dinah Zur, Usha Chakravarthy

Long-term effect of fluid volumes during the maintenance phase in neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the real world: results from Fight Retinal Blindness!

Can J Ophthalmol . 2023 Nov 18:S0008-4182(23)00335-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.10.017.

Gregor S Reiter, Virginia Mares, Oliver Leingang, Philipp Fuchs, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Daniel Barthelmes, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Monitoring der Progression von geografischer Atrophie in der optischen Kohärenztomographie

Ophthalmologie. 2023 Sep;120(9):965-969. doi: 10.1007/s00347-023-01891-9. Epub 2023 Jul 7.

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Mai J, Reiter GS, Riedl S, Lachinov D, Vogl WD, Bogunovic H

Progression Dynamics of Early versus Later Stage Atrophic Lesions in Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Quantitative OCT Biomarker Segmentation

Ophthalmol Retina. 2023 Sep;7(9):762-770. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.05.004. Epub 2023 May 9.PMID: 37169078

Coulibaly LM, Reiter GS, Fuchs P, Lachinov D, Leingang O, Vogl WD, Bogunovic H, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Therapeutic response in the HAWK and HARRIER trials using deep learning in retinal fluid volume and compartment analysis

Eye (Lond). 2023 Apr;37(6):1160-1169. doi: 10.1038/s41433-022-02077-4. Epub 2022 May 6.PMID: 35523860

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Mulyukov Z, Gerendas BS, Reiter GS, Lorand D, Weissgerber G, Bogunović H.

Personalized treatment supported by automated quantitative fluid analysis in active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD)-a phase III, prospective, multicentre, randomized study: design and methods

Eye (Lond). 2023 May;37(7):1464-1469. doi: 10.1038/s41433-022-02154-8. Epub 2022 Jul 5.PMID: 35790835

Coulibaly LM, Sacu S, Fuchs P, Bogunovic H, Faustmann G, Unterrainer C, Reiter GS, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Correlation of vascular and fluid-related parameters in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using deep learning

Acta Ophthalmol. 2023 Feb;101(1):e95-e105. doi: 10.1111/aos.15219. Epub 2022 Aug 1.PMID: 35912717

Schranz M, Told R, Hacker V, Reiter GS, Reumueller A, Vogl WD, Bogunovic H, Sacu S, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Roberts PK.

Predicting treat-and-extend outcomes and treatment intervals in neovascular age-related macular degeneration from retinal optical coherence tomography using artificial intelligence

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 9;9:958469. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.958469. eCollection 2022.PMID: 36017006

Bogunović H, Mares V, Reiter GS, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Performance of retinal fluid monitoring in OCT imaging by automated deep learning versus human expert grading in neovascular AMD

Eye (Lond). 2023 Jun 13. doi: 10.1038/s41433-023-02615-8. PMID: 37311835

Pawloff M, Gerendas BS, Deak G, Bogunovic H, Gruber A, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Deep survival modeling of longitudinal retinal OCT volumes for predicting the onset of atrophy in patients with intermediate AMD

Biomed Opt Express. 2023 May 2;14(6):2449-2464. doi: 10.1364/BOE.487206. eCollection 2023 Jun 1.PMID: 37342683

Rivail A, Vogl WD, Riedl S, Grechenig C, Coulibaly LM, Reiter GS, Guymer RH, Wu Z, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Bogunović H.

Clinical validation for automated geographic atrophy monitoring on OCT under complement inhibitory treatment

Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 29;13(1):7028.

Mai J, Lachinov D, Riedl S, Reiter GS, Vogl WD, Bogunovic H, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Performance of retinal fluid monitoring in OCT imaging by automated deep learning versus human expert grading in neovascular AMD

Eye (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02615-8

Maximilian Pawloff, Bianca S. Gerendas, Gabor Deak, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Anastasiia Gruber and Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

OCT-based applications of artificial intelligence in the management of neovascular and atrophic age-related macular degeneration

White paper

Sophie Riedl, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Developing and validating a multivariable prediction model which predicts progression of intermediate to late age-related macular degeneration—the PINNACLE trial protocol

Eye (Lond). 2023 Apr; 37(6):1275-1283

Janice Sutton, Martin J. Menten, Sophie Riedl, Hrvoje Bogunović, Oliver Leingang, Philipp Anders, Ahmed M. Hagag, Sebastian Waldstein, Amber Wilson, Angela J. Cree, Ghislaine Traber, Lars G. Fritsche, Hendrik Scholl, Daniel Rueckert, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Sobha Sivaprasad, Toby Prevost and Andrew Lotery

Predicting Topographic Disease Progression and Treatment Response of Pegcetacoplan in Geographic Atrophy Quantified by Deep Learning

Ophthalmology Retina 2023; 7:4-13

Wolf-Dieter Vogl, PhD, Sophie Riedl, MD, Julia Mai, MD, Gregor S. Reiter, MD, PhD, Dmitrii Lachinov, MSc, Hrvoje Bogunovic, PhD, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, MD

The Effect of Pegcetacoplan Treatment on Photoreceptor Maintenance in Geographic Atrophy Monitored by Artificial Intelligence – Based OCT Analysis

Ophthalmology Retina 2022;6:1009-1018

Sophie Riedl, MD, Wolf-Dieter Vogl, PhD, Julia Mai, MD, Gregor S. Reiter, MD, PhD, Dmitrii Lachinov, MSc, Christoph Grechenig, MD, Alex McKeown, PhD, Lukas Scheibler, PhD, Hrvoje Bogunovic, PhD, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, MD 1

Validation of an automated fluid algorithm on real-world data of neovascular age-related macular degeneration over five years

Retina: September 2022 - Volume 42 - Issue 9 - p 1673-1682

Gerendas BS, Sadeghipour A, Michl M, Goldbach F, Mylonas G, Gruber A, Alten T, Leingang O, Sacu S, Bogunovic H, Schmidt-Erfurth U

Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence Versus Optical Coherence Tomography–based Evaluation of the Therapeutic Response to Pegcetacoplan in Geographic Atrophy

Am J Ophthalmol. 2022 Dec: 244:175-182. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.06.023. Epub 2022 Jul 16.

Julia Mai, Sophie Riedl, Gregor S Reiter, Dmitrii Lachinov, Wolf-Dieter Vogl, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Linking Function and Structure with ReSenseNet: Predicting Retinal Sensitivity from Optical Coherence Tomography using Deep Learning.

Ophthalmol Retina. 2022 Feb 5:S2468-6530(22)00043-4

Seeböck P, Vogl WD, Waldstein SM, Orlando JI, Baratsits M, Alten T, Arikan M, Mylonas G, Bogunović H, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

A systematic correlation of central subfield thickness (CSFT) with retinal fluid volumes quantified by deep learning in the major exudative macular diseases.

Retina. 2021 Dec 17

Pawloff M, Bogunovic H, Gruber A, Michl M, Riedl S, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Comparison of early diabetic retinopathy staging in asymptomatic patients between autonomous AI-based screening and human-graded ultra-widefield colour fundus images.

Eye (Lond). 2022 Feb 7

Sedova A, Hajdu D, Datlinger F, Steiner I, Neschi M, Aschauer J, Gerendas BS, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Pollreisz A.

AI-based monitoring of retinal fluid in disease activity and under therapy.

Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021; Article in press

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Reiter Gregor, Riedl S, Seeböck P, Vogl WD, Blodi B, Domalpally A, Fawzi A, Jia Y, Sarraf D, Bogunović H.

Baseline predictors for subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):88

Roberts PK, Schranz M, Motschi A, Desissaire S, Hacker V, Pircher M, Sacu S, Buehl W, Hitzenberger CK, Schmidt-Erfurth UM.

Fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography biomarkers associated with the progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration

Eye (2022) 36: 2013–2019

Patricia T. A. Bui, Gregor S. Reiter, Maria Fabianska, Sebastian M. Waldstein, Christoph Grechenig, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Mustafa Arikan and Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Analysis of Fluid Volume and its Impact on Visual Acuity in the FLUID Study as Quantified with Deep Learning.

[Retina. 2020 Nov 18. Online ahead of print]

Reiter GS, Grechenig C, Vogl WD, Guymer RH, Arnold JJ, Bogunovic H, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Deliberations of an International Panel of Experts on OCTA Nomenclature of nAMD.

[Ophthalmology. 2020: S0161-6420(20)31198-2]

Mendonça LSM, Perrott-Reynolds R, Schwartz R, Madi HA, Cronbach N, Gendelman I, Muldrew A, Bannon F, Balaskas K, Gemmy Cheung CM, Fawzi A, Ferrara D, Freund KB, Fujimoto J, Munk MR, Querques G, Ribeiro R, Rosenfeld PJ, Sadda SR, Sahni J, Sarraf D, Spaide RF, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Souied E, Staurenghi G, Tadayoni R, Wang RK, Chakravarthy U, Waheed NK.

Topographic Analysis of Photoreceptor Loss Correlated with Disease Morphology in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

[Retina. 2020;40(11):2148-2157]

Riedl S, Cooney L, Grechenig C, Sadeghipour A, Pablik E, Seaman JW 3rd, Waldstein SM, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Role of Deep Learning–Quantified Hyperreflective Foci for the Prediction of Geographic Atrophy Progression

Am J Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug; 216:257-270

URSULA SCHMIDT-ERFURTH, HRVOJE BOGUNOVIC, CHRISTOPH GRECHENIG, PATRICIA BUI, MARIA FABIANSKA, SEBASTIAN WALDSTEIN, AND GREGOR S. REITER

Unbiased identification of novel subclinical imaging biomarkers using unsupervised deep learning.

[Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):12954]

Waldstein SM, Seeböck P, Donner R, Sadeghipour A, Bogunović H, Osborne A, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Quantification of Fluid Resolution and Visual Acuity Gain in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Using Deep Learning: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

[JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020; 138(9):945-953]

Roberts PK, Vogl WD, Gerendas BS, Glassman AR, Bogunovic H, Jampol LM, Schmidt-Erfurth UM.

Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits and Photoreceptor LossDetecting Global and Local Progression of GeographicAtrophy by SD-OCT Imaging

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(6):11

Gregor S. Reiter, Reinhard Told, Markus Schranz, Lukas Baumann, Georgios Mylonas, Stefan Sacu, Andreas Pollreisz, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Consensus Nomenclature for Reporting Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Data: Consensus on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Nomenclature Study Group.

[Ophthalmology. 2020;127(5):616-636. Erratum in: Ophthalmology. 2020;127(10):1434-1435]

Spaide RF, Jaffe GJ, Sarraf D, Freund KB, Sadda SR, Staurenghi G, Waheed NK, Chakravarthy U, Rosenfeld PJ, Holz FG, Souied EH, Cohen SY, Querques G, Ohno-Matsui K, Boyer D, Gaudric A, Blodi B, Baumal CR, Li X, Coscas GJ, Brucker A, Singerman L, Luthert P, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Grossniklaus HE, Wilson DJ, Guymer R, Yannuzzi LA, Chew EY, Csaky K, Monés JM, Pauleikhoff D, Tadayoni R, Fujimoto J.

Characterization of Drusen and Hyperreflective Foci as Biomarkers for Disease Progression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Artificial Intelligence in Optical Coherence Tomography

[JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(7):740-747]

Waldstein SM, Vogl WD, Bogunovic H, Sadeghipour A, Riedl S, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Automated Quantification of Photoreceptor alteration in macular disease using Optical Coherence Tomography and Deep Learning.

[Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1): 5619]

Orlando JI, Gerendas BS, Riedl S, Grechenig C, Breger A, Ehler M, Waldstein SM, Bogunović H, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Application of Automated Quantification of Fluid Volumes to Anti-VEGF Therapy of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

[Ophthalmology. 2020; 127(9):1211-1219]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Vogl WD, Jampol LM, Bogunović H.

Exploiting Epistemic Uncertainty of Anatomy Segmentation for Anomaly Detection in Retinal OCT.

[IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2020;39(1):87-98. Erratum in: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2020;39(4):1291]

Seebock P, Orlando JI, Schlegl T, Waldstein SM, Bogunovic H, Klimscha S, Langs G, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Guidelines for the Management of Retinal Vein Occlusion by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA).

[Ophthalmologica. 2019;242(3):123-162]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Garcia-Arumi J, Gerendas BS, Midena E, Sivaprasad S, Tadayoni R, Wolf S, Loewenstein A.

RETOUCH: The Retinal OCT Fluid Detection and Segmentation Benchmark and Challenge.

[IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2019;38(8):1858-1874]

Bogunovic H, Venhuizen F, Klimscha S, Apostolopoulos S, Bab-Hadiashar A, Bagci U, Beg MF, Bekalo L, Chen Q, Ciller C, Gopinath K, Gostar AK, Jeon K, Ji Z, Kang SH, Koozekanani DD, Lu D, Morley D, Parhi KK, Park HS, Rashno A, Sarunic M, Shaikh S, Sivaswamy J, Tennakoon R, Yadav S, De Zanet S, Waldstein SM, Gerendas BS, Klaver C, Sanchez CI, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

f-AnoGAN: Fast unsupervised anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks.

[Med Image Anal. 2019;54:30-44]

Schlegl T, Seeböck P, Waldstein SM, Langs G, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Artificial intelligence in retina.

[Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018; 67:1-29]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Sadeghipour A, Gerendas BS, Waldstein SM, Bogunović H.

Prediction of Individual Disease Conversion in Early AMD Using Artificial Intelligence.

[Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(8):3199-3208]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Waldstein SM, Klimscha S, Sadeghipour A, Hu X, Gerendas BS, Osborne A, Bogunovic H.

Machine Learning to Analyze the Prognostic Value of Current Imaging Biomarkers in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

[Ophthalmol Retina. 2018, 2(1):24-30]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Bogunovic H, Sadeghipour A, Schlegl T, Langs G, Gerendas BS, Osborne A, Waldstein SM.

Fully Automated Detection and Quantification of Macular Fluid in OCT Using Deep Learning

[Ophthalmology. 2018;125(4):549-558]

Schlegl T, Waldstein SM, Bogunovic H, Endstrasser F, Sadeghipour A, Philip AM, Podkowinski D, Gerendas BS, Langs G, Schmidt-Erfurth U

Computational image analysis for prognosis determination in DME.

[Vision Res. 2017; 139: 204-210]

Gerendas BS, Bogunovic H, Sadeghipour A, Schlegl T, Langs G, Waldstein SM, Schmidt-Erfurth U.

Guidelines for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA).

[Ophthalmologica. 2017;237(4):185-2229]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Garcia-Arumi J, Bandello F, Berg K, Chakravarthy U, Gerendas BS, Jonas J, Larsen M, Tadayoni R, Loewenstein A.

A paradigm shift in imaging biomarkers in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

[Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016; 50: 1-24]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Waldstein SM.

Guidelines for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA).

[Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(9):1144-67]

Schmidt-Erfurth U, Chong V, Loewenstein A, Larsen M, Souied E, Schlingemann R, Eldem B, Monés J, Richard G, Bandello F.